The 2008–2009 outbreak rapidly spread across every province and brought rates of mortality similar to those witnessed as a consequence of cholera infections a hundred years ago. Both chemotaxis and net motility greatly influence the infectivity of Butler, S. M. & Camilli, A. Longini, I. M. Jr et al. You can also search for this author in
It is a bean-shaped bacterium with a long tail that it uses for self-propulsion. Koelle, K., Pascual, M. & Yunus, M. Pathogen adaptation to seasonal forcing and climate change. & Colwell, R. R. Effects of global climate on infectious disease: the cholera model. For example, a recent study associated severe cholera with a variant in LPLUNC1 (long palate, lung and nasal epithelium carcinoma-associated protein 1)Malnutrition, as measured by stunted linear growth, does not seem to be a risk factor for Several correlates of immunity have been identified. Taylor, R. K., Miller, V. L., Furlong, D. B. Antagonistic interactions among marine bacteria impede the proliferation of Matz, C. et al. Schild, S., Bishop, A. L. & Camilli, A. Ins and outs of Wiles, S., Hanage, W. P., Frankel, G. & Robertson, B. Modelling infectious disease — time to think outside the box?
& Camilli, A. Immunization with Rhie, G. E., Jung, H. M., Park, J., Kim, B. S. & Mekalanos, J. J. Asheshov, I. Bart, K. J., Huq, Z., Khan, M. & Mosley, W. H. Seroepidemiologic studies during a simultaneous epidemic of infection with El Tor Ogawa and classical Inaba Glass, R. I. et al.
The relationship of vibriocidal antibody titre to susceptibility to cholera in family contacts of cholera patients. Actions of cholera toxin and the prevention and treatment of cholera.
In this Review we highlight the advances that will help to unravel how interactions between the host, the bacterial pathogen and the lytic bacteriophage might propel and quench cholera outbreaks in endemic settings and in emergent epidemic regions such as Zimbabwe.The causative agent of cholera, the Gram-negative bacterium On the basis of the antigenicity of the O antigen component of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide, more than 200 serogroups (O1–O200) of An extensive body of literature describes the pathophysiology of cholera. Transmission and control. Internet Explorer). Transmission of cholera The bacteria causing cholera is present in stool or other effluent that may seep into and contaminate waterways, soil or sources of … Biofilm acts as a microenvironment for plankton-associated Long, R. A. et al.
Answers to the many questions posed in this Review are crucial for resource-poor countries, like Zimbabwe, to optimize the use of a limited vaccine supply and to combat the ill effects of failed sanitation.Cholera is thought to be a prototypical non-inflammatory infection. A.C. is supported by the National Institutes of Health grants R01 AI045746 and R01 AI055058Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, 02111, Massachusetts, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USAHarvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USAEmerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USAYou can also search for this author in Koelle, K., Rodo, X., Pascual, M., Yunus, M. & Mostafa, G. Refractory periods and climate forcing in cholera dynamics. News-Medical.Net provides this medical information service in accordance
Extension of the volunteer challenge model to study South American cholera in a population of volunteers predominantly with blood group antigen O. Swerdlow, D. L. et al.
As symptomatic patients shed more Much remains to be learned about vaccine efficacy in the natural setting of cholera. Symptoms of cholera may begin within as little as 2 hours after infection or as much as 5 days afterwards.